考研英语高分策略之长难句概述

第一章 考研英语长难句概述

自考研英语考试改革后，语法已经不再作为单独考查的内容，但是它却无时无刻不贯穿在整个英语考卷中，以各种形式来考查考生的语言基础能力。完形填空题会直接考查语法知识；而占考试比重最大的阅读理解和翻译，不仅阅读量较大，而且出现各种各样的长难句，这些长难句由于单词多，成分复杂，语序颠倒或成分省略，往往对考生具有极大的杀伤力。而正确分析长难句，需要扎实的语法功底，并能将其运用于实践中。因此，本书着力于语法归类和长难句分析，进而提高对长难句的理解能力，帮助考生突破障碍，赢取高分。

本书所选例句，均来自于考研真题和同源资料。我们反复研究真题典型例句， 探求其出题点及常考语法项的实际应用规律。

第一节 长难句特点剖析

所谓知己知彼，百战百胜。要应对长难句，就要了解其特点。分析历年长难句，将其主要特点总结如下：

一、句子长，字数多

真题中涉及考点的重要句子，一般较长，由几十词构成一句的现象，屡见不鲜。

【例 1 】 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self - conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. （ 41words ） (2003 完形 )

【例 2 】 From the middle - lass family perspective ， much of this ， understandably ， looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility ， and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. （ 45words ） (2007 阅读 3)

【例 3 】 Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. （ 45words ） (2009 阅读 3)

以上三个句子，每句均超过 40 词，如不知语法，不懂分析，定不能找准主干，也就谈不上正确理解并解题。

二、成分多，分析难

（一）成分复杂

真题中的长难句，往往是几个语法现象互相叠加，将其主次关系理清，是准确理解句意的关键。

【例 1 】 Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician ? assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “ double effect ” , a centuries ? old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.(2002 阅读 4)

【分析】此句包含 although 引导的让步状语从句、 that 引导的宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、条件状语从句，又包含 there be 句型，以及各种非谓语动词的使用等。

【例 2 】 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.(2003 阅读 3)

【分析】此句包含时间状语从句、 it 作形式主语、宾语从句、并列平行结构、让步状语从句以及主语从句。

（二）分隔结构

分隔现象是真题长难句中的常见形式，一眼认出并将其先删减，进而抓住句子主干，有助于节省阅读时间，再有选择地将其补充还原，对明确解题思路大有帮助。

【例 1 】 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much ? publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “ juggling your life ” , and making the alternative move into “ ownshifting ” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.(2001 阅读 5)

【分析】谓语 discovered 与其后的宾语从句 that abandoning … and making … brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status 被 as 引导的状语从句分隔。

【例 2 】 Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year — from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp. and even the University of California, Berkeley — have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.(2007 阅读 4)

【分析】主语 Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year 与谓语 have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities 被介词短语作的伴随状语分隔，分隔部分作主句的补充说明。

（三）倒装现象（略）

（四）各种省略的使用

作为英语语法中的一种特殊现象，省略充分体现了英语的特点：避免重复。识别省略，能完整补充句意，对正确翻译有着举足轻重的作用。

【例题】 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002-65)

【分析】该句子中， Until these issues are resolved 是时间状语从句； a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected 是句子的主干； and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 该部分显然是并列句，但是在该部分中， with it 中的代词指代 a technology of behavior ，这种结构常常翻译成“随之”，但是， the only way to solve our problems 作什么成分？经过分析，这里面省略了谓语（参见省略章节），这是由于在并列分句中，后一分句与前一分句如果有相同成分，那么相同成分可以被省略。本题中，完整的语句应为 the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected.