China to help Europe Develop GPS Rival
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system__1__a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System(GPS). operated by the US military. China will provided 230m Euros (USD 259m) in__2__and will cooperate with technical, manufacturing and market development. “China will help Galileo to__3__the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services,” said Loyola de Palacio, EU transport commissioner.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced__4__the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long__5__.The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be__6__at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere__7__the US ability to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition__8__the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be precise to within a meter, while civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation will__9__27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23, 600 km. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage. The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to__10__around 3.2 billion Euros(USD 3.6 billion).
The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring.
Galileo will provide two signals; a standard civilian one and an encrypted, wide-band signal__11__the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe. European Commission __12__ have said China will not be given access to the PRS.
The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004, Clocks on board the__13__Will be synchronized through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centers and 15 uplink stations.
Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their__14__. A “search and rescue” function will also__15__distress signals be relayed through the constellation of satellites.
1. A. offer B. offered C. will offer D. has offered
2. A. funding B. providing C. paying D. charging
3. A. build B. use C. become D. do
4. A. in B. at C. on D. by
5. A. before B. ago C. after D. later
6. A. found B. produced C. positioned D. located
7. A. with B. for C. about D. above
8. A. results in B. gives rise to C. is due to D. causes
9. A. be made from B. consist of C. consist in D. be consisted of
10. A. spend B. gain C. give D. cost
11. A. offered B. called C. used D. turned
12. A. officials B. countries C. organization D. agreement
13. A. / B. the satellite C. the satellites D. satellites
14. A. speed B. direction C. distance D. location
15. A. send B. let C. allow D. transmit
