防晒竟是骗局？（双语）

爱思英语编者按：艳阳高照的夏日里，很多人认为只要涂了防晒霜(suncream)，就可以肆意享受阳光。防晒霜一直被认为是防紫外线和皮肤癌的好办法，但他们没有意识到，危险正在悄悄逼近。科学家们担心，防晒霜中的化学物质本身就是诱发皮肤癌的罪魁祸首。 
 
 

在第一缕阳光出现之际就给自己涂上厚厚的防晒霜，这是在普通不过的事情了。与10年前相比，我们现在更加关注防晒；每年我们会在购买防晒产品上一掷千金。
Slathering on suncream at the first hint of sunshine has become commonplace - we"re far more sun safety conscious than a decade ago and spend a lot of money a year on products designed to ward off the sun"s rays.

尽管如此，皮肤癌病例还是持续增加，而过度日晒依然是罪魁祸首。有没有人想过使用或误用这些防晒霜恰恰会适得其反。
Despite this, cases of skin cancer are continuing to rise and the main cause remains overexposure to the sun. Could it be that the creams we use, or misuse, can cause as many problems as they attempt to solve?

大多数防晒霜都是广谱型的，既能抵抗UVA射线造成皮肤老化，预防皮肤受损及幼纹的形成；又能防止被UVB射线晒伤。
Most suncreams are broad spectrum, providing protection against the ageing UVA rays, which cause skin damage and premature wrinkles, and the stronger UVB rays that cause sunburn.

顾客可以选购物理防晒或者化学防晒。其中物理防晒品会在皮肤表面形成反射层，而化学防晒品被皮肤吸收后会在身体接触日光时提供防晒保护。

Consumers can choose between a physical block, which sits on the surface of the skin causing UV rays to bounce off, or chemical sunscreens, which are absorbed by the skin and deactivate sunlight when it comes into contact with the body"s surface.

最新的防晒霜综合了这两种防晒原理的优点。但令人倍感矛盾的是，在融合这些防晒成分的过程中，生产商们也制造出新的健康隐患。
The latest creams combine the best of both. But the paradox is that, in fusing the cream of sunbattling ingredients, manufacturers have created new health concerns.

专家们发现，一些用于抵抗UV射线的化学物质（最常见的为肉桂酸、苯甲酮以及邻氨基苯甲酸）被皮肤吸收后，与日光产生不良反应，这很可能会造成DNA损伤。
Some experts have found the chemicals used to deactivate UV rays (most commonly cinnamates, benzophenones and amino benzoic acid) react adversely with sunlight when they are absorbed, possibly causing DNA damage.

加州大学的一项研究显示，时下大卖的防晒品中含有的化学过滤剂能够引起某种自由基伤害，大大增加了皮肤癌的发生几率。似乎只有当UV射线接触渗入皮肤的防晒剂时，才会引起这些不良反应。
Research by the University of California suggested that chemical filters in popular suncreams can trigger the kind of free-radical damage that could pre-empt skin cancer. The adverse effects seemed to happen only when UV rays hit sunscreen that had penetrated the skin.

防晒品中的化学防腐剂及一些渗入表皮层的其他成分也使得人们忧心忡忡。
Concern has also been raised about the chemical preservatives used in sunscreens, and other ingredients, seeping through the top layer of the skin.

在瑞典的一项研究中，人们涂抹了少于推荐使用量的防晒品，而在48小时后研究者在参与者的尿液中发现了二苯甲酮-3，这是一种被普遍使用的防晒成分。
A Swedish study found benzophenone-3 (or B-3), a popular suncream ingredient, in the urine of people who had applied no more than the recommended dose of suncream up to 48 hours before.

我们是否要担心这些化学成分在我们体内的沉积？防晒研究领域首席专家布莱恩•迪菲伊教授说：“尽管在参与者的尿液中发现了小分子的二苯甲酮-3，但剂量相当低不会对人体造成损害。”
Should we be worried about such chemical infiltration of our bodies? "Even if molecules are detected in urine, the levels are so low that they are not going to cause harm," says Professor Brian Diffey, a leading expert in sun-protection research.

在防晒品中应用纳米技术，这种趋势是好还是坏？目前还尚无定论。近些年来，生产商们已研发出相应技术，将氧化钛以及氧化锌这些物理防晒成分的颗粒缩小到只有头发的千分之一。
What is less clear is whether the trend for using nanotechnology in sun products is bad news. In recent years, manufacturers have developed techniques that shrink particles of physical sunblock ingredients, such as titanium oxide and zinc, to a thousandth of the size of a human hair.

但人们也推测这些微缩的物质可能会进入人体细胞中，并带来不好的影响。
However, there are suggestions that the shrunken substances could enter human cells with worrying results.

相关研究表明，西红柿富含抗氧化物及茄红素，因此能够有效防晒。 更多信息请访问:http://www.24en.com/

Studies have shown that tomatoes, which are rich in antioxidants and the lycopene, could prove a weapon against sun damage.

来自纽卡斯尔大学的伯齐-麦辰教授说：“我们都明白要做到全面防晒，一道富含抗氧化物的菜肴是必不可少的，而仅仅食用西红柿并不会使你完全不惧日晒。”
"We know an antioxidant-rich diet is important as part of overall sunprotection, but eating tomatoes will not make you invincible" says Professor Birch-Machin of Newcastle University.

不过，毋庸置疑的是在抵抗紫外线侵害以及预防皮肤癌的这场战役中，最佳建议同时也是最为关键的因素便是我们自身的防晒措施。
Undoubtedly, though, the best advice and the most important factor in fighting sun damage and skin cancer is our own sun behaviour.

“言下之意就是天气炎热时，要记得戴上帽子并寻找树荫的庇护。”
"And that means wearing a hat and finding a tree whenever it gets hot."

相关词汇

absorb 吸收
 
adversely 不利地
 
antioxidant 抗氧化剂
 
bounce off 反射
 
deactivate 使无效
 
free-radical 自由基
 
infiltration 渗透
 
molecule 分子
 
nanotechnology 纳米技术
 
overexposure 过度曝光
 
preservative 防腐剂
 
shrink 缩小
 
slather 大量地用,厚厚地涂
 
spectrum 光谱
 
seep 渗, 渗透